Pre-Production
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Pre-teach cards with key terms using visuals, icons, gestures, or diagrams to support comprehension. Allow students to match pictures to words or group cards with a partner before explaining their thinking. |
Beginning
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Begin with a closed sort where teacher-provided categories guide the sorting process (e.g., always true / sometimes true / never true). Provide a list of key vocabulary with definitions or visuals to support understanding during the activity. |
Intermediate
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Provide sentence frames such as “This card fits here because ___.” or “The relationship between these cards is ___.” Encourage students to explain their reasoning using complete sentences. |
High Intermediate
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Ask students to group cards into subcategories within the main categories to deepen connections. Encourage students to justify their decisions and explain patterns they notice among the cards. |
Advanced
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Challenge students to evaluate and refine categories, justify their sorting decisions using evidence, and summarize the overarching concept or big idea represented by the cards. |

