strategies banner

Language Supports by Proficiency Level Descriptor

Justified List

Pre-Production

Provide images, diagrams, gestures, or symbols to represent examples and non-examples. Include a list of key vocabulary or phrases with simple definitions or translations to support understanding.

 

Beginning

Use simplified questions such as “What do these examples have in common?” or “Why doesn’t this fit the rule?” Provide graphic organizers (e.g., Venn diagrams) to help students compare attributes of examples and non-examples.

 

Intermediate

Provide sentence frames such as “This is a justified example because ___.” or “The key attribute of these examples is ___.” Encourage students to compare responses with peers and discuss differences.

 

High Intermediate

Challenge students with questions such as “What might make a non-example fit the rule?” or “Can you identify a borderline case?” Ask students to explain their reasoning and apply the rule to new examples or non-examples.

 

Advanced

Challenge students to analyze patterns among examples and non-examples, refine the rule, and justify their thinking using evidence and academic vocabulary. Encourage students to evaluate peers’ reasoning and extend the discussion.